Thermal Expansion of A992 Steel

Oct 13, 2025 by vinooalluri.com 55 views

**The rods each have a diameter of 25 mm and length of 600 mm. If they are made of A992 steel, determine the forces developed in each rod when the temperature increases by 50°C.**

Understanding the Problem

The problem involves determining the forces developed in rods made of A992 steel when the temperature increases by 50°C. To solve this problem, we need to consider the thermal expansion of the rods and the resulting forces.

Thermal Expansion of A992 Steel

A992 steel is a type of structural steel that is commonly used in construction. It has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 12.0 × 10^(-6) per degree Celsius. This means that for every degree Celsius change in temperature, the length of the steel will change by 12.0 × 10^(-6) times its original length.

Calculating the Change in Length

To calculate the change in length of the rod, we need to multiply the original length by the CTE and the change in temperature.

ΔL = L × CTE × ΔT ΔL = 600 mm × 12.0 × 10^(-6) per °C × 50°C ΔL = 0.36 mm

Calculating the Force Developed

The force developed in the rod due to thermal expansion can be calculated using the formula:

F = (ΔL × E) / L where E is the modulus of elasticity of the material.

The modulus of elasticity of A992 steel is approximately 200 GPa. We can plug in the values to get:

F = (0.36 mm × 200 GPa) / 600 mm F = 12 N

Q&A

Q: What is the coefficient of thermal expansion of A992 steel? A: The coefficient of thermal expansion of A992 steel is 12.0 × 10^(-6) per degree Celsius.

Q: How do I calculate the change in length of the rod? A: To calculate the change in length, multiply the original length by the CTE and the change in temperature.

Q: What is the modulus of elasticity of A992 steel? A: The modulus of elasticity of A992 steel is approximately 200 GPa.

Q: How do I calculate the force developed in the rod? A: To calculate the force developed, multiply the change in length by the modulus of elasticity and divide by the original length.

Q: What is the unit of force developed in the rod? A: The unit of force developed in the rod is Newtons (N).

Q: Can I use this formula to calculate the force developed in rods made of other materials? A: Yes, you can use this formula to calculate the force developed in rods made of other materials, but you need to know the CTE and modulus of elasticity of the material.

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed how to determine the forces developed in rods made of A992 steel when the temperature increases by 50°C. We have also provided a Q&A section to help readers understand the problem and the solution.

References

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2012). Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes. ASTM A992/A992M-12.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). (2014). Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. ASCE 7-14.

Further Reading

Thermal Expansion of Materials: A Review
Stress Analysis of Structures: A Guide to Thermal Expansion
Material Properties: A Guide to Coefficient of Thermal Expansion