Elucidating the mechanisms

Oct 13, 2025 by vinooalluri.com 126 views

Relationship of CD133, LGR5, CD166 CLCA Cancer Colorectal Cells and CD163 Tumors Associated Macrophage Cell

Understanding the Complexity of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, characterized by its aggressive nature and resistance to chemotherapy. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in the development and progression of CRC, as they possess the ability to rapidly proliferate and resist treatment. The identification of CSCs is essential for the development of targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. In this context, the expression of specific markers such as CD133, LGR5, and CD166 has been widely used to identify CSCs in CRC. Additionally, the role of inflammatory factors, including CD163-expressing type-2 macrophages, has been implicated in the expression of CSCs. This study aims to explore the relationship between CD133, LGR5, CD166 expression from CSCs-CRC and CD163 as an inflammatory marker with the location of the CRC.

Research Methods

This study employed a comparative analytical approach with a latitude cut method, involving 118 CRC patients undergoing examination in the gastroenterohepatology division of the Department of Internal Medicine of USU and H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan. The sample used was tumor tissue obtained through endoscopic biopsy or surgical resection from patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and provided informed consent. For the analysis of CD133, LGR5, CD166, and CD163 expression, an immunohistochemical examination was conducted. The assessment of immunoreactive results was done by observing chocolate coloring in cell cytoplasm, which was then judged based on population scoring and intensity with a score range between 0 to 6.

Research Results

Of the 118 samples studied, the location of the CRC was divided into 32 cases in the proximal colon, 43 in the distal colon, and 43 in the rectum. The average age of the patient was 57.30 years, with more men than women (58.5% vs 41.5%). The results of laboratory tests showed that hemoglobin (HB) levels averaged 10.51, the number of leukocytes 7420, platelets 286350, and body mass index (BMI) 22.22.

Expression analysis revealed that:

CD133 expression was significantly higher in the proximal colon than the rectum (p = 0.002), and also higher in distal colon than rectum (p = 0.008).
LGR5 expression was significantly higher in distal colon than rectum (p = 0.005).
CD163 expression on macrophages related to tumors also showed significant results, higher in the proximal colon than rectum (p = 0.047).
CD166 showed a higher expression in the distal colon than the rectum (p = 0.047).

Conclusion

This study found a significant relationship between CD133, LGR5, and CD166 expression of colorectal cancer stem cells and CD163 expression on macrophages related to the tumor with the location of the CRC. This finding provides new insights into understanding the complexity of CRC and the targeted therapy potential for these cells based on the location of the tumor, which in turn can help in developing a more effective treatment strategy for CRC patients.

Thus, it is essential to continue further research to explore the mechanisms that underlie these differences in expressions and their impact on prognosis and future treatment options.

Implications for Future Research

The findings of this study have significant implications for future research in the field of CRC. The identification of specific markers and their expression patterns in different locations of the CRC can help in developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. Additionally, the role of inflammatory factors, including CD163-expressing type-2 macrophages, in the expression of CSCs needs to be further explored.

Future Directions

Future studies should focus on:

Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the differences in expressions of CD133, LGR5, CD166, and CD163 in different locations of the CRC.
Investigating the impact of these differences on prognosis and treatment outcomes.
Developing targeted therapies based on the location of the tumor and the expression patterns of CSCs.

By exploring these research directions, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complexity of CRC and develop more effective treatment strategies for patients.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about CD133, LGR5, CD166, and CD163 in Colorectal Cancer

Q: What are CD133, LGR5, and CD166, and why are they important in colorectal cancer?

A: CD133, LGR5, and CD166 are markers that are often used to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC). CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells that have the ability to rapidly proliferate and resist treatment, making them a key target for developing targeted therapies.

Q: What is the role of CD163 in colorectal cancer?

A: CD163 is an inflammatory marker that is expressed on type-2 macrophages, which are a type of immune cell that plays a role in the development and progression of CRC. CD163-expressing macrophages have been shown to promote the growth and survival of CSCs, making them a potential target for therapy.

Q: What are the differences in CD133, LGR5, CD166, and CD163 expression in different locations of the colorectum?

A: Our study found that CD133, LGR5, and CD166 expression were significantly higher in the proximal colon than in the rectum, while CD163 expression was higher in the proximal colon than in the rectum. These differences in expression may be related to the distinct microenvironments of the different locations of the colorectum.

Q: What are the implications of these findings for the treatment of colorectal cancer?

A: The findings of our study suggest that targeted therapies based on the location of the tumor and the expression patterns of CSCs may be effective in treating CRC. Additionally, the role of inflammatory factors, including CD163-expressing type-2 macrophages, in the expression of CSCs needs to be further explored.

Q: What are the next steps for research in this area?

A: Future studies should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the differences in expressions of CD133, LGR5, CD166, and CD163 in different locations of the CRC, as well as investigating the impact of these differences on prognosis and treatment outcomes. Additionally, developing targeted therapies based on the location of the tumor and the expression patterns of CSCs is a critical area of research.

Q: How can these findings be applied to clinical practice?

A: The findings of our study can be applied to clinical practice by developing targeted therapies that take into account the location of the tumor and the expression patterns of CSCs. Additionally, the role of inflammatory factors, including CD163-expressing type-2 macrophages, in the expression of CSCs needs to be considered in the development of treatment strategies.

Q: What are the potential limitations of this study?

A: One potential limitation of this study is the small sample size, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the study was conducted in a specific population, and the findings may not be applicable to other populations.

Q: What are the potential future directions for research in this area?

A: Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the differences in expressions of CD133, LGR5, CD166, and CD163 in different locations of the CRC, as well as investigating the impact of these differences on prognosis and treatment outcomes. Additionally, developing targeted therapies based on the location of the tumor and the expression patterns of CSCs is a critical area of research.

Q: How can patients and healthcare providers stay up-to-date with the latest research in this area?

A: Patients and healthcare providers can stay up-to-date with the latest research in this area by following reputable sources, such as the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society, as well as attending conferences and workshops on the topic.